5G
Introduction In 5G New Radio (NR), Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) plays a critical role in evaluating network performance, coverage, and user experience. Unlike 4G LTE, where SINR was mainly derived from reference signals, 5G introduces multiple SINR types, each designed for a specific purpose. This article provides a simple and structured
5G
Introduction * Both the Base Station and UE must be capable of changing beams as the radio conditions change as a function of time. * There are two types of beam mobility have two categories: 1- Intra-cell mobility: * Intra-cell mobility occurs when the serving beam of a UE is changed within the
5G
Introduction In 4G FDD, the uplink HARQ feedback timing was fixed. In 5G, this changes because of TDD operation and low-latency requirements. 5G introduces two methods for uplink HARQ feedback: * Flexible timing * Multiplexing timing This allows the network to optimize feedback delay depending on system configuration and UE capability. Flexible
5G
💡 Why CBG Retransmission Matters? * It enables partial retransmissions of affected code blocks, reducing network load and improving spectral efficiency—especially important for large transport blocks in 5G. How it works? * As shown in the below picture, Large Transport Blocks (TBs) are segmented after CRC attachment to prevent exceeding the maximum
5G
What is Ultra-Lean-Design * Ultra-lean is one of the three design principles of 5G New Radio which significantly improves network energy efficiency and reduces interference in high traffic load conditions. But how does it achieve these objectives? * The so called always-on signals design in the 4G network, where the reference signal
5G
What is SSB? 5G Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) plays a crucial role in cell search and mobility. It consists of: * PSS (Primary Synchronization Signal) * SSS (Secondary Synchronization Signal) * PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel) SSB occupies 20 Resource Blocks (RBs) and 4 Symbols in the frequency domain. How Does UE Detect SSB
5G
What is the SRS Transmission Comb type? * An SRS Transmission can occupy up to 272 RBs in the frequency domain, but an individual UE does not transmit the SRS on every subcarrier but selects specific subcarriers based on transmission comb type. * 5G supports two types of transmission Comb(2 &
5G
Introduction: In general, power design in NR is simpler than in 4G. In NR, a cell's power is shared across multiple channels, and the allocation of power to each channel plays a crucial role in determining the cell's coverage performance. This article discusses the key aspects
5G
Introduction This article will cover the following topics: * NR Slot Format – Introduction * 4G Vs 5G TDD Subframe/Slot format: * NR Slot Format Types Deep dive: Fixed, Semi-Static & Dynamic TDD * Cross Link Interference definition and relation with NR Slot Allocation * 4G/NR coexistence * NR Slot Format Planning and design impact
5G
4G/5G – DL/UL Inter-Cell Interference Randomization Brief Description and expected benefits: * When the Cell Load is low; the g-NB.(Scheduler) staggers the resources allocated to adjacent cells as far away from each other as possible in multi-cell networking scenarios. * Usually the resources allocation will be staggered based on the
5G
Introduction: * UE battery life is an important aspect of the user's experience, which will influence the adoption of 5G NR handsets and/or services. It is critical to study UE power consumption to ensure that UE power efficiency for 5G NR UEs can be better than that of
5G
Learn about 5G DMRS for PBCH (1) What is the primary function of DMRS for PBCH? * The UE uses DMRS to estimate the propagation channel experience by the PBCH. The resultant information is used to demodulate the PBCH and subsequently decode the Master Information Block. (2) How and where is